The op amp is configured as an ac amplifier to ease biasing problems
The diode rectifies the output voltage and applies it to the voltage divider formed by R1, R2
The Bubba oscillator is another phase shift oscillator
Four RC sections require –45° phase shift per section
Very low distortion sine waves can be obtained
If the Freq. is larger than 4 MHz, the additional Phase-Shift is done by the delay of the Gate.
The value of CL is approx. 1/ωC where ω=2pf, but not less than about 20 pF.
CIRCUIT 2-3 : Gate oscillator with improved stability
A small C in series with the xtal acts as the xtal load and isolates the xtal from the rest.
Ca and Cb are made large to swamp out the effects of Temp. / Supply Voltage change.
This circuit operates in the parallel mode just as the Pierce oscillator above.
The resonant circuit LA-CB is an effective short at the fundamental frequency
It is tuned somewhat below the deferred crystal overtone frequency.
CL is chosen to suppress operation in the fundamental mode.
LA may be tuned to produce maximum output.
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